Monday, August 8, 2011

Bolivia Diaries: Day 1, Part 1 - The El Alto Market


Me, covered in wonderful Andean handicrafts I've bought - handmade alpaca sweater, scarf, hat, and gloves. The hat is called a lluchu.

On the first day of our trip, we went to El Alto, the big, mostly indigenous city next door to La Paz, to visit their market. It was quite a spectacle. We made it through with only one pickpocketing incident, and the pickpocket only got a few dollars that had been placed in the victim's pocket for that very purpose. We were warned to leave our valuables in the hotel, be alert, and stay together.

Our van dropped us off outside the market, and we began our trek up to it among an untold number of indigenous people who were on their way to do their shopping. A few people sat along our way, some obviously begging, and others perhaps just resting with their children. FYI, the indigenous women here are referred to as "cholas" or "cholitas."


The trickle of people walking to the market, which turns to a sea just above these stairs


Cholita woman with her child, who is drinking a bottle of Coke


More people, heading to the market


A view of La Paz and the Andes from here


Cholita woman with her child

The market sold EVERYTHING. And I mean EVERYTHING. I took pictures of what I could, and did not take pictures of much more, which I will try to list at the end of this diary.


Herbal medicine


Boxing gloves


Local beverages. The cinnamon colored one is mocochinchi, made with a dried peach boiled with cinnamon and sugar.


Antiques, a wheelchair, and a walker for sale


A display of hats, many of which are labeled with American cities, universities, and sports teams. This one is from Oklahoma.


Two cholitas with a child. One is carrying a huge stuffed panda. I wish I got a close-up of them!


Dishes


Booze, I think.


Crunchy roasted peas.


El Ceibo chocolate. This is the good stuff.


Adorable Bolivian child


A Spiderman themed blow-up slide.


A mother with a child.


Some kind of fruity treat.

Our guide, Gabriel, told us that you can buy an entire car in parts at the El Alto market. He was right. I took a few pictures and left it at that.


Car parts.


Car parts.


A restaurant.


Curtains


Car ornaments - The Bolivian flag, Jesus, and Che.


Some kind of parfait.


Disney princess hats.


Coca-Cola


Car floor mats


Motorcycles for sale.


Shoes


A dad with a kid.


Cholita nightgowns?


Cholita with child.


Cholita shoes.


A Pututu - a cow's horn used to call indigenous towns to meetings.


Me blowing the pututu. This thing is loud.


Cholita skirts, called polleras.


Board games like Monopoly.


The cloths used for just about everything here. These are called awayos and you see them on the backs of every single cholita.


A stand selling local grains, beans, and snacks.


The brown bean in the front center is a fava bean.


In the front left are crunchy peas, in the back are favas again.


Andean sweet popcorn


Guinea pig meat.


Kimsa charani - A small whip with three tails made of pigskin. Used to punish bad Andean children.


Anti-GMO graffiti.


Statue of Che Guevara.

So what was at the market that does not appear in these pictures? Just about everything on earth. Fruits, vegetables, every single part of any kind of car, batteries, tape, CDs, movies, children's toys and stuffed animals, American-style clothing, Andean clothing, furniture, and electronics. In one case, a member of our group stopped to buy a flash drive. I noticed they had all of the same brands we have at home, and they had sizes up to 64 gigs, which I believe is the top size being sold in the U.S. right now too. This market was a convergence of tradition and modernity, Andean culture and international mass marketing.

Perhaps the most notable category of items not in the pictures is animals. We were warned to take NO PICTURES because the animal vendors are wary of animal rights activists. That surprised me. Then I was more surprised when we got to the animals because most of the animals for sale were puppies and kittens, being sold as pets. They also had lots of bunnies, guinea pigs, chickens, turkeys, ducks, and parakeets. I assume many of those (not the parakeets) were for food.

The chicken breeds they had were strange. Araucanas and Ameraucanas are South American breeds but I did not see any of those, at least not that I recognized. I saw a lot of a breed I could not recognize that may not be a standard breed. It was crested, with brown feathers with a partridge pattern, and had feathered feet. I'm pretty sure I saw some Polish chickens too. I think the majority were another breed I didn't recognize with brown and white plumage, a single comb, no crest and no feathers on their feet.

Saturday, January 1, 2011

Mexico Diaries: Table of Contents

In 2010, I took two trips to two very different parts of Mexico: the state of Jalisco, and the state of Chiapas.
A statistical look at farming in Jalisco and Chiapas
A statistical look at Cuquio municipality, Jalisco

Jalisco
In July, I headed to the state of Jalisco, Mexico, to learn about the impacts of the Green Revolution and NAFTA on corn production there. Unlike the corn grown in the U.S., most of the corn grown in Mexico is for human consumption. Those in power who passed NAFTA promised environmental and economic benefits. Unfortunately, the treaty undoubtedly resulted in economic and environmental harm, particularly in Mexico (although arguably in the U.S. as well). For an overall perspective on what I saw on the trip, read my Alternet piece, "The Ploy to Promote Genetically Engineered Seeds and Pesticides to Poor Mexican Farmers Is Impoverishing Their Communities."

Pre-Trip Blogging:
Part 1: Mexico Fires Its Corn Farmers
Part 2: NAFTA... Not Implemented As Planned
Part 3: NAFTA's Impacts on Genetic and Soil Erosion in Mexico A Profile of Cuquio, Jalisco
Mexican Agriculture By the Numbers

Day 1: Guadalajara
Day 2 Part 1: Breakfast and the EcoStore
Day 2 Part 2: Jalisco Ecological Collective
Day 3: The Flea Market
Day 4: The Drive to Cuquio
Day 5: Delivering Aid to a Village
Day 6: The Second Aid Trip to a Village
Day 7: Conversation with a Corn Expert
Day 8, Part 1: Visit to a Rich Man's Land and an Explanation of Ejidos
Day 8, Part 2: Tour of the Local Employer, a Shoe Factory
Day 8, Part 3: The Third Aid Trip to a Village
Day 9: The Fourth Aid Trip to a Village
Day 10, Part 1: The Fifth Aid Trip to a Village
Day 10, Part 2: Microlending in Cuquio
Day 11: Pesticides
Day 12: Tequila!

Other Recommended Reading:
The Nation: "Retreat to Subsistence"
Tim Wise: "Agricultural Dumping Under NAFTA"
"The Environmental & Social Impacts of Economic Liberalization on Corn Production in Mexico" by Alejandro Nadal.
Swine Flu, NAFTA, and U.S. Farm Subsidies
Field of Dreams by Stephanie Ogburn

Chiapas
In November, I visited Chiapas, Mexico's southernmost state, during the time of the coffee and corn harvests. I spent my time split between the highlands and lowlands, working with and learning about the Zapatistas (an indigenous insurgent group).

Day 1, Part 1: My Yuppified Introduction to Chiapas
Day 1, Part 2: An Introduction to Zapatistas
Day 2, Part 1: Something's Weird in Zapatista Territory
Day 2, Part 2: Our First Day with the Zapatistas
Day 3, Part 1: A Full Day with the Zapatistas in the Highlands
Day 3, Part 2: A Trilingual, Multicultural Corn Experiment
Day 4, Part 1: Zapatista Agriculture and a Shower
Day 4, Part 2: This Corn Ain't Roundup Ready
Day 5, Part 1: Moi's Rant
Day 5, Part 2: The Students' Orchard
Day 5, Part 3: The Students' Ceremony
Day 5, Part 4: From the Highlands to the Jungle
Day 6, Part 1: The Market in Palenque
Day 6, Part 2: Zapatistas in the Jungle
Day 6, Part 3: The Poster
Day 6, Part 4: The Poster, Continued
Day 7, Part 1: The Stingless Bee Workshop
Day 7, Part 2: The Stingless Bee Workshop Continued
Day 8, Part 1: Visit to a Family's Home

Thursday, December 2, 2010

Chiapas Diaries: Day 4, Part 2 - This Corn Ain't Roundup Ready

This is the eighth diary in a series about my recent trip to Chiapas, Mexico's southernmost state, to meet with and learn about the Zapatistas, an indigenous insurgent movement made up of several ethnic groups, and their food and agriculture. On our fourth day, visited a former hacienda that was taken over by the Zapatistas in the 1994 revolution. We stayed there for the night, hanging out with the students and teachers of the Zapatista secondary school and checking out the corn that had just been harvested.

(I went with the group Schools for Chiapas, an organization that works with and provides aid to the Zapatistas. Check out their website if you are interested in either traveling with them to Chiapas yourself, or simply buying some artisanal goods or coffee produced by Zapatistas. Aside from the obvious politics involved in supporting Zapatistas, you are supporting human beings who live in extreme poverty and work their asses off to educate themselves and their children and provide for basic needs like water and health care.)

In San Cristobal de las Casas, we crammed all of the luggage and all of the people – seven of us – into Raquel’s car. Three in the front, three in the back, and one with the luggage in the wayback. And off we went for a relatively short drive to Nuevo San Gregorio.

Nuevo San Gregorio, maybe an hour from San Cristobal, was once a hacienda. The owner, who was quite wealthy, was known for treating the indigenous people who worked for him particularly badly. When the revolution came in 1994, the Zapatistas targeted only the most wealthy and most powerful and took their land. They figured that those people were the most likely to be financially okay after their land was taken, and they would also be politically connected enough to be compensated for their losses. This worked out more or less as planned. However, in the confusion of the insurgency, many non-Zapatistas took over land too, and they weren’t as strategic in their targeting of who to take land from. All in all, the Zapatista revolution brought about the largest land reform since the Mexican revolution.

At this particular hacienda, the owner did not hear about the revolution when it happened. He was in his house when some Zapatistas showed up and said, “Permiteme por favor. Necesitas salir. Somos Zapatistas y es nuestra tierra.” (“Pardon me, please. You need to leave. We are Zapatistas and this is our land.”) The owner left at once. Today the land supports several families who farm organically, as well as a Zapatista secondary school that houses and instructs 15 students. The students grow their own food and cook their own food, as well as attending school.

We were warned ahead of time that the road to Nuevo San Gregorio was bad and the car might not be able to make it all the way. We might have to walk, carrying our luggage. Additionally, once we arrived, we might not be able to find the person who had the key to the building where we were to sleep. In other words, this whole trip might be a total bust.

When we got there, the road was better than usual. Raquel’s car could make the trip, but only if the rest of us got out and walked to make the car lighter. Below are some of the photos I took as we walked.


Amaranth. Although most milpa's I've seen have beans, squash, and corn, amaranth is a great fourth addition to the mix.


Does my ass look big in this picture?


Teeny tiny donkeys are sooo cute!


The butterflies here were incredible! We saw tons of butterflies in a zillion different colors.


And... another Coca-Cola advertisement.


Corn, ready to harvest, with tons of flowers growing among it. There were fields and fields like this, full of yellow flowers.


Doesn't look like a typical corn field, does it?


Two pigs and a sheep


A river

We arrived and found Eugenia, an 18-year-old Education Promoter who graduated secondary school at age 12 and has been teaching ever since. She was busy baking bread but she welcomed us and helped us get set up. While someone went to get the key to our room, our group walked over to the Casa Grande (Big House of the hacienda) and checked out the corn harvest, stored in huge 120-pound bags. We had seen people, even women, carrying these bags on their back. I could not even lift one of the bags.


The Casa Grande, with the corn harvest sitting on the patio.


As rich as the hacienda owner was, his Casa Grande was still made from adobe.


A view of the corn harvest on the Casa Grande patio


Another look at the corn harvest and the patio


And another


Casa Grande


"My Little School" - written as graffiti on the Casa Grande just after the 1994 revolution


A room inside the Casa Grande


The students' milpa (cornfield) behind the Casa Grande


The bags of corn


Mexicans grow corn in many colors but all of the corn here is yellow.




Pest-ridden corn set aside for animal feed


A chicken.


A view of the area in front of the Casa Grande. The pillar blocks a basketball hoop, where several students were shooting hoops.


The students' garden, growing peas

Peter and Susan ran off to take care of some business, the others went for a walk, and I sat down to read a book while charging my camera battery in the building that served as the kitchen. There was a light in there, and one small plug. I was going to charge my computer too, but thought better of it, since my computer was of little use without internet and because the electricity might be expensive to the school and I didn’t want to take advantage.


The kitchen, with the baking pans drying outside. This is where they had a lightbulb and one plug, where I charged my camera battery.

Dinner time came, and we had little to eat because we hadn’t been to a market and there were none nearby. We had a few items leftover from Oventic. The Mexicans in our group went to the little store that is run by the school and picked up a few ingredients. For dinner, they made coffee with cinnamon, rice with olive oil and some salt, and sardines. I simply drank coffee and ate rice. No sardines.


The school's store... with a Coke sign.


The room where we stayed

The kids had beans and tortillas for dinner. I spent some time chatting with the boy who was cooking. He was 15 years old and dressed almost as if he were going to church, with nice clothes and clean and combed hair. I wondered how the hell he stayed so clean and well-dressed out here in the countryside when I was going days on end without showering and falling in mud all the time.


The students' dorm

After the members of our group returned, I had an interesting conversation with Rich and Raquel. I brought up a thought I’d had the day before, that Americans go camping to live in rustic environments like this for fun, but they often camp in RVs, or camp with high tech gear bought from REI. Mexicans live the rustic life for real. What would they think if they knew that Americans do it as recreation, and even then bring along equipment to make their camping trips more comfortable and easy?

Rich came back with an even better comment. He brought up reality shows like Survivor. In the rest of the world, peasants have to know how to produce, gather, or hunt and then prepare their own food, construct their own houses, and do everything else to stay alive. In America, we’re so inept at survival skills (because we rarely need them) that we make TV shows out of putting a group of people out in the wilderness and watching them flounder.

It’s pretty surreal, if you think about it.